The engineering properties of soil used for pavement base courses, subbase courses, and subgrades by the use of additives which are mixed into the soil affect the desired improvement. There is a need for Soil Stabilization because it reduces the permeability and compressibility of the soil, to increases shear wall strength, to enhance the bearing capacity of the soil, most importantly to improve natural soils for the construction, and its use to make area trafficable for emergency purposes.
Methods of Soil Stabilization:
Mechanical Stabilization
Mechanical is also known as Granular Stabilization. It is the process of improving the properties of the soil by changing its gradation. Two or more types of natural soils are assorted to obtain a compound material which is superior to any of its part.
Cement Stabilization
Cement Stabilization is done by blending powder soil and Portland cement with water and compress the mix to achieve a strong substance.
Types of Cement Stabilisation:
- Normal Soil-Cement
- Plastic Soil-Cement
- Cement-Modified Soil
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Factors affecting Cement Stabilization:
- Types of Soil
- Quantity of cement
- Quantity of water
- Mixing, compaction, and curing
- Admixtures
Lime Stabilization
Lime Stabilization is done by adding lime to a soil, lime reacts with the soil. There is an exchange of cations in the mop-up water layer and a decrease in the plasticity of the soil occurs. The resulting material is more crumbly than early clay and is, therefore, more acceptable as a subcategory.
Bituminous Stabilization
Bituminous is a non-aqueous system of hydrocarbon that is soluble in carbon disulfide. It is an inanimate soil that can be added with asphalt is satisfactory for bituminous together and thus distribute as an affix or bond agent. The amount of bitumen requires generally varies between 4 to 7% by weight.
Factors affecting bituminous stabilization:
- Types of soil
- Amount of asphalt
- Mixing
- Compaction
Chemical Stabilization
In chemical stabilization, soil stabilizes by adding different chemicals. The setting time and curing time can be controlled. It is generally more expensive.
The chemicals which are successfully getting in use are:
- Calcium Chloride
- Sodium Chloride
- Sodium Silicate
- Polymers
- Chrome Lignin